Muscle injuries and strategies for improving their repair

Satellite cells are tissue resident muscle stem cells required for postnatal skeletal muscle growth and repair through replacement of damaged myofibers. Muscle regeneration is coordinated through different mechanisms, which imply cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as extracellular secreted factors. Cellular dynamics during muscle regeneration are highly complex. Immune, fibrotic, vascular and myogenic cells appear with distinct temporal and spatial kinetics after muscle injury. Three main phases have been identified in the process of muscle regeneration; a destruction phase with the initial inflammatory response, a regeneration phase with activation and proliferation of satellite cells and a remodeling phase with maturation of the regenerated myofibers. Whereas relatively minor muscle injuries, such as strains, heal spontaneously, severe muscle injuries form fibrotic tissue that impairs muscle function and lead to muscle contracture and chronic pain. Current therapeutic approaches have limited effectiveness and optimal strategies for such lesions are not known yet. Various strategies, including growth factors injections, transplantation of muscle stem cells in combination or not with biological scaffolds, anti-fibrotic therapies and mechanical stimulation, may become therapeutic alternatives to improve functional muscle recovery.

New strategy to facilitate muscle regeneration after injury

Advances in biomaterials for skeletal muscle engineering and obstacles still to overcome. - Abstract - Europe PMC

Delayed skeletal muscle repair following inflammatory damage in simulated agent-based models of muscle regeneration

How to Speed Up Muscle Repair

Scaffold tissue engineering strategies for volumetric muscle loss

JFMK, Free Full-Text

Muscle Science: How to Work with Your Body to Repair Muscles – MEND

Muscle injury and strategies for improving their repair - Cirurgia Veterinária

Muscle Strains: Mechanisms and Management - Franklin Square Health

Alternatives to Rotator Cuff Tear Surgery – The evidence for non

Simulated altitude is medicine: intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and cold accelerates injured skeletal muscle recovery - Santocildes - The Journal of Physiology - Wiley Online Library

Muscle and Ligament Regeneration