The measurement is obtained by laying the t-shirt (hoodie, shirt or other top) flat on a flat surface.
How to Measure Chest Size
How to Find Your T-Shirt Measurements
Nike.com Size Fit Guide - Preschool Kids' Tops
PMG Schoolwear - Size Guide
How to Get Your Correct Size - Fashion & Homecraft
Chest Measurement half-chest and across-chest measurement
Sizing
Chest measurement - Women
How To Measure Your Body: Chest
How To Measure Chest Size
Size converter - Pirates Cave
Size Guide: How To Measure Yourself for a Jacket - The Jacket Maker Blog